In September 2007, WNV infection detectedīy PCR in postmortem brain tissue taken from an encephalitic Vector controlĮfforts and advisories for use of repellents and protective clothing already were in effect because of high levels of dengue on Reporting of human WNVĭisease was urged through a physician advisory letter sent to all licensed physicians in Puerto Rico by PRDH. None of the specimens were positive for WNV by PCR. Specimens were submitted to CDC's Dengue Branch for WNV and dengue testing.ĭuring July 1-December 31, 2007, enhanced surveillance generated submission of serum specimens from 1,250 Enhanced surveillance included asking hospitals and clinics in theįour municipios to obtain blood samples from local residents with acute febrile disease, with or without Were detected), Humacao, Naguabo, and Fajardo. In the neighboring municipios of Ceiba (where the sentinel chicken seroconversions and WNV-positive mosquitoes As a result, PRDH and CDC began enhanced surveillance for human WNV disease WNV nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) In June 2007, specific anti-WNV neutralizing antibodies were detected in theseīirds, indicating active WNV transmission During 2006-2007, CDC maintained a sentinel chicken surveillance system ( 1) and three asymptomatic, unvaccinated horses (CDC, unpublished data), all Was detected in a free-ranging native bird WNV transmission among animals in Puerto Rico was reported first in 2004, when a specific antibody No human WNV disease has been detected through Suspect neuroinvasive illness consistent with possible WNV infection. System has relied on voluntary reporting, specimen collection, and submission to CDC laboratories by clinicians who Islandwide physician-based passive surveillance for neuroinvasive WNV disease in humans began in 2002. The WNV NAT-positive blood products donated by them were quarantined and not released for transfusion. All three were notified of their positive screening tests. Where WNV transmission previously was detected in animals. All three lived near San Juan and had not traveled to areas Travel outside of Puerto Rico within 2 weeks before donation. He reported no illness in the 2 weeks before or after donation. The third WNV-infected donor was a man aged 22 years who donated blood on In addition to detection of WNV nucleic acid by NAT, WNV She reported a headache on the day ofĭonation, but was not febrile and reported no other symptoms. Second donor was a woman aged 33 years who donated blood on July 5, 2007. She reported no illness in the 2 weeks before donation. Woman aged 40 years who donated blood on June 22, 2007. The importance of appropriate blood screening in protecting the The next day, PRDH notifiedīCAs islandwide by letter that WNV-positive blood donors had been identified in Puerto Rico and emphasized Three donors positive for WNV were reported to PRDH on July 19, 2007. Testing of individual samples from positive pools is then used to identify positive donors so their blood canīe quarantined and removed from the blood supply. NAT screening for WNV uses pooling of blood donations from Numerous healthĬonditions result in deferral or ineligibility to donate blood. Accepted donors must be healthy and afebrile at the time of donation. Universal blood donor screening for WNV began in July 2003 at all blood collection agencies (BCAs) in the Surveillance, and educational activities are needed to monitorĪnd assess the public health threat posed by WNV in Puerto Rico. Indicates that heightened clinician awareness, ongoing Detection of WNV infections in human blood This report describes these human infectionsĪnd other recent surveillance for transmission of WNV in Puerto Rico. Response, PRDH and CDC conducted in-depth interviews of the blood donors. Human WNV infections detected in Puerto Rico. These three donors had the first confirmed Health (PRDH) of three persons whose blood donations were positive for WNV by nucleic acid-amplification test Transmission by routes other than mosquitoīites, including blood transfusion, transplacental infection, organ transplant, and possibly breast milk, also haveīeen reported.* On July 19, 2007, the American Red Cross in Puerto Rico notified the Puerto Rico Department of Potentially serious clinical disease, particularly among persons aged WNV is a mosquito-borne virus that produces To countries of Central and South America and the Caribbean. In the United States, West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in humans in 1999 it subsequently spread Detection of West Nile Virus in Blood Donations - Puerto Rico, 2007 For assistance, please send e-mail to: Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail. Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file.
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